Mammals

belonging to class mammalia, mammals are among the more complicated vertebrates their hair insulates against hair loss they are warm blooded. they need a efficient respritory system to provide oxygen for higher metalbolism. have a 4 chambered heart. Mammal mothers develop young in the uterus. mammals that lay eggs are called momotremer like ducks hat incubates eggs in a burrow in the ground. Mammals also have pouches, marsupial young are born premature and develops in the pouch and attaches to the nipple.

Birds

birds belong to class Aves their feathers are unique and are modified from reptilia scales. they’re anatomy is adapted to flight heir front legs form wings  for thrust and lift and back legs are for killing, perching, swimming and tearing prey apart. birds have large breastbones to support their wings. a bird has a 4 chambered heart and has a very efficient circulatory system, they conserve the water in them by excreting semi dry uric acid (poop). excellently developed brains for flight control and migration patterns and nesting. warm blood from metabolic heat and feathers insulate their bodies.
 

Amphibians and Reptiles

amphibians are vertebrates that are aquatic as larvae and terrestrial as adults, they breathe with lungs an have distinct walking legs for land locomotion. respiration usually by inefficient lungs and gas exchange. they have a divided atria but a single ventricle in the heart mixing partial oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. fertilization occurs externally in the water.

Reptiles belonging to class reptiles are vertebrate’s that have lungs, scaly skin, and a special type of egg. this class includes turtles, alligators, snakes and lizards. reptiles are covered in hard scales that protect the animal from drying out and predators they have well developed lungs and a heart with 2 atria. Fertilization occurs internally with separate sexes with then makes a leathery shelled egg. they are cold blooded creature that rely on the sun to regulate their body temperature.

subphylum vertebrata

vertebrates have jointed endoskeleton that is internal, shows segmentation, actively grows, protects internal organs and serves as place of muscle attachment. vertebrates have 2 pairs of appendages  and a high degree of cephalization and complex sense organs, a complete digestive tract and large coelom, closed circulatory system and an excretory system with kidneys, reproduction is sexual and by separate genders.

fish
aquatic vertebrates characterized by scales, fins and pharyngeal gills.  3 living classes are jawless(class Agnatha), cartilaginous and bony fish. jawless lack jaws  and have no fins or scales. some jawless fish are hag fish and lamprey. cartilaginous fishes have a internal skeleton made of cartilage such as sharks. boney fish have swim bladders , reproduce by spawning like ray finned fishes.
  

vertebrates: phylum chorodata

The six major classes of vertebrates are Amphibia, Aves, sauropida, Mammalia, chronadrichthyts, and osteichthyes. Some characteristics of all vertebrates are that they all are coelomate and bilateral which allows for complicated body systems. vertebrates also have backbones with a protected endoskeleton and spiral Colum along with a advanced central nerve system with a large brain with a skull. Moreover, they have a unequivocal head, eyes and sensory organs, as well as a complex heat and circulatory system. a muscular system and 1 0r 2 pairs of appendages such as arms and legs.

ADDAPTIONS OF VEERTEBRATES
class amphibia
have gills and very primitive lungs to exchange gases as they live half their life in water and half on land. they can take in gases through their skin and lay eggs in the water after sexual reproduction.

class aves
they have adapted to flight through feathers, 4 chambered heart, hallow bones for strength without weight, large sternum for wings and lungs and air sacks to improve gas exchange.

characteristic of mamals
they are warm blooded, air breathing 4 legged vertebrates that posses skin with hair and sweat glands, have big teeth with jawbones, fleshy lips a diaphragm. they also contain a 4 chambered heart, have a brain and middle ear, bear living young and have mammary glands.